In this study, the effect off adding SiO2 nanoparticles on the VISCOSITY of base fluid is investigated experimentally. Base fluids are chosen among common heat transfer fluids such as ethylene glycol, transformer oil and water. In addition different volume percentages of ethylene glycol in water are used as ethylene glycol-water solution. In every base fluid different volume fractions of SiO2 nanoparticles is added. It is shown that the VISCOSITY of solution enhance by adding nanoparticles. The effect of cooling and heating process on the VISCOSITY of nanofluid is also discussed. The presented data show that as the temperature increases the VISCOSITY of base fluid and nanofluid decrease. It is also revealed that there are very little differences between the VISCOSITY of nanofluid in a specific temperature at cooling and heating cycles. According to the experimental results new correlations for predicting the VISCOSITY of nanofluids is presented. These correlations relate the VISCOSITY of nanofluid to the particle volume fraction and temperature.

In this study, the Potential Applied VISCOSITY (PAV) has been measured on 5 types of raw material in wied varities range.The lowest and highest PAV values were observed for maize and barley, respectively.Cereal PAV caj be properly estimated by extraction at PH, 1.5 without ethanolic treatment. Real applied VISCOSITY(RAV) was affected by temperature of pelleting(2.5mm), The high RAV values were observed only when PAV was also high and the temperature of pelleting was above 90°C. Particle size of extracted flours greatly changes the RAV values and coarse grinding result the low RAV values. It is demonstrated that enzymi activity could not affected by particle size.Excretion and consumption of water relative to feed intake are measured in 5 week-old meat-turkey poults by 5 diets. Regression lines are fixed with the data (for raw material) as the dependant variables, and the diet parameters were as the independent variables.The most efficient equations are based on RAV and potassium on PAV, temperature of pelleting and potassium. The highest R2values was 0.758. According to the expressions of equations, the effects of dependant variables are not increased in this case.

Nanofluids, which are obtained from the distribution of nano-sized particles in normal fluids, are a new generation of fluids with great potential in industrial applications. The size of the particles used in nanofluids ranges from 1 nm to 100 nm. VISCOSITY is one of the important characteristics of nanofluids, which has a very important effect on heat transfer. In this research, the parameters affecting the VISCOSITY of nanofluids were investigated. Different theoretical models can be used to estimate the VISCOSITY of nanofluids. But the experimental results show that the VISCOSITY of the nanofluid does not correspond well with the theoretical models. This difference is due to the effect of Brownian motion, the assumptions made when deriving the models, the mathematical modeling approach and the scattering techniques. In reality, the VISCOSITY of nanofluid depends on many parameters such as base fluids, particle volume fraction, particle size, particle shape, temperature, shear rate, pH value, surfactants, dispersion techniques, particle size distribution and particle aggregation.